Cockroaches are insects of the family Blattonidae in the order Blattoidea. Its back is flat; The body is long and multi segmented, with filamentous antennae; The anterior thoracic dorsal plate is large and shield shaped; Leather like forewings; The posterior wing membrane is membranous and folds in a fan shape when at rest; Wings can be long, short, or completely wingless; Multiple segments of tail beard; Male cockroaches have segmental awns on their abdomen (some species have degenerated or absent segmental awns). This insect has a fragrance like Lianjiang, also known as' Feilian '.

Cockroaches are distributed throughout China, mainly in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions; I like to live in warm, humid, food rich, and crevice filled places; I prefer darkness and fear light, hiding during the day and coming out at night. Cockroaches are omnivorous insects with a wide range of food types. Food includes bread, rice, pastries, cooked meat and vegetables, fruits and vegetables, and beverages. In addition, they also gnaw on cotton and wool products, leather products, paper, soap, etc. In outdoor garbage dumps, sewers, and public toilets, they feed on decaying organic matter and even bite dead animals. Cockroaches can reproduce and be active throughout the four seasons, with females typically laying 14-32 ooves at a time and having a lifespan of 2-4 years.

Cockroaches can be used as medicine, with a salty and cold taste, small toxicity, and the effects of dispersing blood stasis, eliminating stagnation, detoxifying, and diuresis. Cockroaches carry various pathogenic microorganisms on their body surface and digestive tract, and their secretions, excreta, and vomit can also cause allergic reactions in the human body. Cockroaches are known as the "top of the four pests" in China and have great destructive power.

Cockroaches prefer to live in warm, humid, food rich, and crevice rich places, which are the four basic conditions they need for breeding. Any building where people live and reside generally has these conditions, so cockroaches have become hygiene pests that harm thousands of households. Enjoying warmth and moisture is an important habit of cockroaches. It is not difficult to find that whether in restaurants, homes, or on trains and ships, the kitchen is always the most severely damaged place. Even in the kitchen, they usually prefer to live near the stove and sink. They prefer darkness and are afraid of light, hiding during the day and coming out at night, which is also an important habit of cockroaches. During the day, they hide in dark and dark places such as indoor furniture, gaps in walls, caves and corners, and piles of debris. At night, especially after the lights are turned off and people are asleep, they go out to move around, forage for food, or seek a spouse. Therefore, approximately 75% of the 24 hours in a day are spent in a resting state.

Cockroaches also have a social habit. It is common to find a habitat where a few, dozens, or hundreds of individuals gather together, mainly due to the lure effect of pheromones. Both adults and larvae of cockroaches can secrete a "aggregation pheromone", which is secreted by the rectal pad and can be excreted with feces. In the habitat of cockroaches, brown fecal spots formed by their feces can often be seen, and the more fecal spots there are, the more cockroaches gather. It can be seen that in cockroach prevention and control, maintaining good hygiene and removing cockroach traces are important measures. Water is more important for the survival of cockroaches than food. Cockroaches can endure hunger but not thirst. As shown in Table 2-3, American cockroaches can only survive for 40 days for females and 27 days for males when given only dry food without water. On the contrary, if there is water but no food, female insects can survive for 90 days and male insects can survive for 43 days. When exposed to harsh environmental conditions and without food or water, cockroaches will engage in cannibalism, with the big feeding on the small and the strong feeding on the weak. Especially for insects that have just molted, they cannot move and their skin is tender, making them prey that compete for food.